保龄球

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保龄球(bowling)

把一个重球投滚到一条长而窄的滑道以击倒十支木瓶柱的一种游戏。保龄球历史悠久，自古就有各种不同的玩法。九瓶柱保龄球由荷兰移民在17世纪带到美国，这种游戏十分流行，赌博成分居多，以致为许多州所禁止。传说在18世纪初，人们把瓶数加至十个，藉此规避法律。20世纪开始大为风行，既是娱乐活动，亦是职业运动（1958年始）。一局比赛分十格，每人每格可投两个球。如果第一个球就把所有的瓶柱击倒，叫做「全倒」，记为十分。如果还有瓶子没倒，投第二球时才把它们全部击倒，叫做「补全倒」，也记为十分。一格当中如有一次全倒，下两球击倒的瓶柱数也要算进那一格中。一次补全倒後，下一球的分数也要计算进补全倒的那一格。一格最高三十分，一局十格满分为三百分，即十二次全倒。另有几种类似的保龄球，如滚木球戏、鸭柱戏、九柱戏。

English version：

bowling

Game in which a heavy ball is rolled down a long, narrow lane to knock down a group of 10 wooden objects (called pins). Versions of the game have existed since ancient times. Ninepin bowling was brought to the U.S. in the 17th century by Dutch settlers; it became so popular and so associated with gambling that it was outlawed in several states. According to legend, a tenth pin was added in the 18th century to circumvent such laws. The game grew to enormous popularity in the 20th century, both as a recreational activity and (since 1958) as a professional sport. Each game is divided into 10 frames, and each player is allowed to deliver up to two balls per frame. If all the pins are knocked down on the first ball, a strike is recorded (10 points). If pins remain standing, and the second ball knocks them down, the player is awarded a spare (10 points). If a strike is thrown in a frame, the number of pins knocked down by the next two balls bowled count in that frame. After a spare, the score of the next ball counts in the spare's frame. Thus, the maximum point total for a single frame is 30. A perfect score is 300, or 12 strikes in a row. Versions of the game include candlepins, duckpins, and skittles.