能乐

相关tags:

能乐(No drama)，亦作Noh drama。

日本的传统戏剧形式。为世界上现存最古老的戏剧形式之一，能乐有史诗般的主题、合唱队、高度格式化的动作、戏装和布景。参与演出的讲故事人皆为男性，透过面部表情和形体动作来暗示故事的本质，而不是把它表现出来。能乐（no，日语「才能」或「技巧」之意）是由古老的舞蹈戏剧形式发展而来，在14世纪演变成其特有的形式。能乐的五种形式有︰能（kami，日语「神」之意）叙述神道教神社的神圣故事；修罗能（shura mono，日语「打斗戏剧」之意）是以武士为中心的故事；假发能（katsura mono，日语「假发戏」之意）则有女性角色；现在能（gendai mono或kyojo mono，日语「今日戏」或「疯女戏」之意）则有各式各样的内容；尾能（kiri或kichiku，日语「最後」或「恶魔」之意）以恶魔和陌生的怪兽为特色。观阿弥（1333～1384）和其子世阿弥（1363～1443）创作了许多最优美的能乐剧本，超过两百个仍保留成为现代能乐剧目。

English version：

No drama

Classic Japanese theatrical form. One of the world's oldest extant theatrical forms, No drama has a heroic theme, a chorus, and highly stylized action, costuming, and scenery. Its all-male performers are storytellers who use their visual appearances and movements to suggest their tale rather than enact it. No (meaning “talent” or “skill”) developed from ancient forms of dance-drama and became a distinctive form in the 14th century. The five types of No plays are the kami (“god”) play, which involves a sacred story of a Shinto shrine; the shura mono (“fighting play”), which centers on warriors; the katsura mono (“wig play”), which has a female protagonist; the gendai mono (“present-day play”) or kyojo mono (“madwoman play”), which is varied in content; and the kiri or kichiku (“final” or “demon”) play, which features devils and strange beasts. Kanami (1333-1384) and his son Zeami (1363-1443) wrote many of the most beautiful No texts; over 200 remain in the modern No repertoire.