胡志明

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胡志明(1890～1969年)

Ho Chi Minh，原名阮必成（Nguyen Sinh Cung）。

越南民主共和国主席（1945～1969）。他是一个在农村长大的贫苦学者的儿子。1911年他在一条法国轮船上找到一份工作并航行世界。然後在法国生活了六年，在那里他成为社会主义者。1923年到苏联，次年又到中国，他把流亡在中国的越南人组织起来。1930年他建立印度支那共产党以及後来的越盟（1941）。1945年日本侵占印度支那，推翻了法国的殖民统治者。当日本向盟军投降後，胡志明和他的越盟势力取得了河内并宣布越南独立。法国拒绝撤出它以前的殖民地，1946年爆发了第一次印度支那战争。1954年其力量在奠边府击败了法国，从此这个国家就分隔成北越和南越。其统治着北方，但很快卷入了与美国支援的南方吴廷琰政权的纷争，这变成了一场越战。胡志明死後六年，北越力量取得了胜利。

English version：

1890～1969年

Ho Chi Minh

President (1945-69) of the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam). Son of a poor scholar, he was brought up in a rural village. In 1911 he found work on a French steamer and traveled the world, then spent six years in France, where he became a socialist. In 1923 he went to the Soviet Union; the next year he went to China, where he started organizing exiled Vietnamese. He founded the Indochina Communist Party in 1930 and its successor, the Viet Minh, in 1941. In 1945 Japan overran Indochina, overthrowing its French colonial rulers; when they surrendered to the Allies, Ho and his Viet Minh forces took Hanoi and proclaimed Vietnamese independence. France refused to relinquish its former colony, and the First Indochina War broke out in 1946. Ho's forces defeated the French in 1954 at Dien Bien Phu, after which the country was partitioned into North and South Vietnam. Ho, who ruled in the north, was soon embroiled with the U.S.-backed regime of Ngo Dinh Diem in the south in what became known as the Vietnam War; North Vietnamese forces prevailed six years after Ho's death.