剑桥大学

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剑桥大学(Cambridge, University of)

英国自治的高等教育机构，设於英格兰剑桥郡剑桥市的康河之畔。1209年因牛津大学的学生与市民之间发生骚乱，有些学生、学者纷纷到剑桥市避难。1284年创建了第一所学院，1318年教宗正式承认其大学地位。1511年伊拉斯谟斯任教於剑桥，介绍文艺复兴中出现的新学科，贡献很多。1546年亨利八世设立三一学院，迄今仍为剑桥大学各学院中最大的一所。1669年牛顿在这里教授数学，赋予数学这个领域一种独特的地位。1871年马克士威担任了第一位加文狄希实验物理学讲座的教授，开创了剑桥大学物理学研究方面的领导地位。此外，还有许多各个领域着名的学者此教书。许多学院建筑物富有历史和传统色彩，如国王学院的礼拜堂和另两所礼拜堂，都是由列恩设计。剑桥大学图书馆藏书逾三百万卷，而且是英国各出版部门例行赠阅新书的少数图书馆之一。菲茨威廉博物馆则藏有价值不菲的古文物珍品。学生总数约有15,000人。

English version：

Cambridge, University of

English autonomous institution of higher learning at Cambridge, England. Its beginnings lie in an exodus of scholars from Oxford Univ. in 1209; the first college was built in 1284 and the university was officially recognized by the pope in 1318. From 1511 Desiderius Erasmus did much to inculcate the new learning of the Renaissance at Cambridge. In 1546 Henry VIII founded Trinity College, which remains the largest of Cambridge's 31 colleges. From 1669 Isaac Newton taught mathematics, giving this field a unique position there. In 1871 James Clerk Maxwell accepted the chair of experimental physics, beginning a leadership in physics that would continue into the next century. A host of world-renowned scholars in other fields have also taught at Cambridge. Many of its buildings, including the famous King's College Chapel and two chapels designed by Christopher Wren, are rich in history and tradition. The library houses numerous important collections, and the Fitzwilliam Museum contains noteworthy collections of antiquities. Total enrollment is about 15,000.