帽

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帽(hat)

各种样式的头部覆盖物，用以保暖、追求时髦，或是为了宗教、仪式的目的，通常用来象徵戴帽者的官职或阶级。中世纪时，男子戴无边帽或兜帽，女子戴面纱、兜帽或头巾。约在1760年丝质高帽出现在佛罗伦斯。英国的圆顶硬礼帽，在美国称为常礼帽，创始於1850年。有帽沿的布帽在数十年间成为工人和男孩的国际标准帽样式。女帽则经历了一些非常夸饰的时期，最後的这种阶段是发生在第一次世界大战前几年。在东方国家，色彩鲜艳的头巾是传统头饰。在地中海东、南岸国家，男子戴圆锥形帽。亚洲人的帽子种类甚多，从中国人简单的扁平圆锥形苦力帽到日本人精致的帽形「冠」（kammuri）。在印度普遍用甘地帽、土耳其帽和各种式样的头巾。在拉丁美洲和美国西南部流行阔边帽。约自1960年起，在西方工业化国家中，男女戴帽的风气已大不如前。

English version：

hat

Head covering of any of various styles, used for warmth, fashion, or religious or ceremonial purposes, when it often symbolizes the office or rank of the wearer. Through the Middle Ages men wore hats in the form of caps or hoods and women wore veils, hoods, or head draperies. The silk top hat originated in Florence c. 1760. The derby (bowler) was introduced in 1850. The cloth cap with visor was for decades the international standard for workingmen and boys. Women's hats went through periods of astonishing ostentation, the last such period being the years preceding World War I. In the East, colorful turbans are the traditional headgear; in eastern and southern Mediterranean countries, men wear the fez; in Asia, the Chinese devised the simple coolie hat and the Japanese the elaborate cap-shaped kammuri; in India, the Gandhi cap, fez, and turban are in general use. In Latin America and the southwestern U.S., the broadbrimmed sombrero is still popular. Since c. 1960 the wearing of hats by both men and women has greatly declined in Western industrialized countries.