洛利

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洛利(1554年～1618年)

Raleigh, Walter

受封为华特爵士（Sir Walter）

英国探险家，也是伊莉莎白一世的宠臣。1578年他和他的半亲兄弟吉柏特一起加入了一个盗窃性质的反西班牙探险队，1580年参加了在明斯特（Munster）的对爱尔兰起义的镇压。他在爱尔兰对英国政策的公开评论吸引了女王伊莉莎白一世的注意，将他当作了宫中的宠臣。他在1584年被派去参加佛罗里达探险，他将探险队命名为弗吉利亚，并在佛罗里达北部海岸洛亚诺克岛建立了一个不成功的殖民地。他在1585年被伊莉莎白封为爵士。从约1592年起，他渐渐失宠，带领了一个不成功的探险队去奥利诺科河找黄金，他在《发现圭亚那》（1596）一书中对此有描写。当伊莉莎白一世去世（1603）後，他被控阴谋推翻詹姆斯一世，被囚禁在了伦敦塔里。1616年被释放後，他带领了另一支探险队在圭亚那寻找黄金，但也以失败告终。当他的船员在一个西班牙人聚居地被烧死後，他被詹姆斯一世再度逮捕并在西班牙大使的要求下附加上原来的判国罪被处死。

English version：

1554年～1618年

Raleigh, Walter

English adventurer and favorite of Elizabeth I. He joined his half brother Humphrey Gilbert on a piratical expedition against the Spanish (1578), then fought against the Irish rebels in Munster (1580). His outspoken views on English policy in Ireland caught the attention of Elizabeth I, who made him her favorite at court. In 1584 he sent an expedition to explore the coast north of Florida, which he named Virginia, and to establish an unsuccessful colony at Roanoke Island. He was knighted by Elizabeth in 1585. Out of favor at court from c. 1592, he led an unsuccessful expedition up the Orinoco River in search of gold, which he described in The Discoverie of Guiana (1596). When Elizabeth died (1603), he was accused of plotting to depose James I and imprisoned in the Tower of London. Released in 1616, he led another unsuccessful expedition to search for gold in Guyana. When his men burned a Spanish settlement, he was rearrested by James and executed, at the demand of the Spanish ambassador, under Raleigh's original sentence for treason.