文史百科 诗词里有一种美叫“银杏黄”
Posted 银杏
篇首语:勿以恶小而为之,勿以善小而不为。本文由小常识网(cha138.com)小编为大家整理,主要介绍了文史百科 诗词里有一种美叫“银杏黄”相关的知识,希望对你有一定的参考价值。
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/初唐·沈佺期/https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
《夜宿七盘岭》https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
初唐·沈佺期https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
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独游千里外,高卧七盘西。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
晓月临窗近,天河入户低。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
芳春平仲绿,清夜子规啼。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
浮客空留听,褒城闻曙鸡。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
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平仲即银杏。沈佺期历任武则天朝的通事舍人、给事中,官至太子少詹事,后因党争失败,被朝廷流放,这首诗就是他在流放途中所作。七盘岭,位于陕西汉中县褒城北面。诗人以异乡的平仲入诗,是欲以银杏的高洁寄托自己的清白。首句破题,说自己将作远游,此刻夜宿七盘岭。“独游”显出无限失意的情绪,而“高卧”则点出住宿高山,更显“独游”的失意。次句则写夜宿所见的远景。月亮仿佛就在窗前,银河仿佛要流进房门那样低。第三句是写夜宿的节物观感,纤巧地抒发了“独游”的愁思。“子规”即杜鹃鸟,相传为古蜀王望帝杜宇之魂化成,暮春时节,鸣声悲哀,其叹仿佛“不如归去”,多用作离愁的寄托。诗人望着浓绿的银杏树,听见悲啼的杜鹃声,春夜独宿异乡的愁思,油然弥漫。末句承“子规啼”,写自己正沉浸在杜鹃悲啼声中,鸡叫了,快要上路了。七盘岭上这不眠的一夜,更加引起诗人对关中故乡的不胜依恋。“浮客”即游子,诗人自指。“空留听”是指杜鹃催归,而自己不能归去。过“褒城”便入蜀境,虽在七盘岭还可听见褒城的鸡鸣,但诗人已经入蜀远别关中了。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
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/唐朝·王维/https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 唐代伟大的诗人、画家王维,晚年曾隐居陕西蓝田辋川,这里山青水秀,原是初唐诗人宋之问的别墅。天宝三载后,王维因在政治上不得意,便买下此处,修葺改造成草堂精舍,作为隐居之所。现在辋川有一株高20余米、胸径近2米的古银杏,相传为王维手植。王维在《文杏馆》该诗中紧扣馆名“文杏”二字,略带夸饰地写出山馆结构的精致:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 文杏裁为梁,https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 香茅结为宇。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 不知栋里云,https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 当作人间雨。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 前两句用司马相如《长门赋》“饰文杏以为梁”和左思《吴都赋》“食葛香茅”的典故,写栋梁屋宇的精美,是实中有虚之笔;接着又由此生发出栋里彩云飞到人间化而为雨的优美遐想,则纯以虚笔写山馆的高峻和境地的幽静。这样写,不但使这所依山傍水的文杏馆幻化出无法言传的神秘意境,而且将本因高远而与山外阻隔的文杏馆与人间联系起来,令人联想到诗人洁身自好却又不愿意高蹈出世的精神境界。文杏即银杏。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
/北宋·欧阳修/https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 宋代,大批银杏移植到长江以北,并且由朝廷赐名,成为历史上银杏发展的鼎盛时期。欧阳修是北宋文坛巨擘,留有《鸭脚》诗,写道:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 鸭脚生江南,名实未相浮。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 绛囊因入贡,银杏贵中州。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 在《答梅宛陵圣俞见赠》一诗中有句:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 鹅毛赠千里,所重以其人。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 鸭脚虽百个,得之诚可珍。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 前一首介绍银杏的由来和珍贵。后一首是因为千里之外能得到友人梅尧臣赠送的银杏,他颇感珍贵,便赋诗抒发相互的情谊。梅尧臣收到欧阳修的诗,则依其韵作《酬永叔谢予银杏》诗:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 去年我何有,鸭脚远赠人。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 人将比鹅毛,贵多不贵珍。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
/北宋·苏东坡/https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 河南光山县净居寺有一株银杏树,传为唐朝道岸、定易二僧合栽,北宋大文学家苏东坡曾在此树下读书,与银杏结下不解之缘,他在银杏盛果时欣然命笔:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 四壁峰山,满目清秀如画;https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 一树擎天,圈圈点点文章。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 诗人视银杏树为擎天柱,喻累累银杏果实为奇妙文章,表达了对银杏树的敬慕之情。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
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/南宋·陆游/https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 南宋代大诗人陆游还是一位精通烹饪的专家,在他的诗词中,咏叹佳肴的足足有上百首,他曾写有《听雪为客置茶果》赞美银杏之珍贵:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 病齿已两旬,日夜事医药,https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 对食不能举,况复议杯酌。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 平生外形骸,常恐堕贪著。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 时时邻曲来,尚不废笑谑。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 青灯耿窗户,设茗听雪落。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 不飣栗与梨,犹能烹鸭脚。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
/南宋·李清照/https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 南宋著名女词人李清照的词作《瑞鹧鸪"双银杏》,是中国古典银杏诗词中的精品。词曰:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 风韵雍容未甚都,尊前柑橘可为奴。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 谁怜流落江湖上,玉骨冰肌未肯枯。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 谁教并蒂连枝摘,醉后明皇倚太真。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 居士擘开真有意,要吟风味两家新。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 作者托物言志,以“双银杏”比喻自己与丈夫赵明诚。前两句写银杏典雅大方的风度韵致,银杏外表朴实,品质高雅,连果中珍品柑橘也逊色三分。三四句写银杏的坚贞高洁,虽流落江湖,但仍保持着“玉骨冰肌”的神韵。五六句以并蒂连枝和唐明皇醉倚杨贵妃共赏牡丹作比,写双银杏相依相偎的情态。银杏种实约25%左右成对长在一个短枝上,所以“并蒂连枝摘”当是实情,比喻唐明皇与杨贵妃的成双成对。末两句写银杏种仁的清新甜美,比喻夫妇心心相印和爱情常新的美德。这首词是对银杏和爱情的赞歌,读来感人至深。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
/明朝·吴宽/https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 明代诗人吴宽在收到朋友赠送的银杏后,写诗答谢。诗云:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 错落朱提数百枚,https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 洞庭秋色满盘堆。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 霜余乱摘连柑子,https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 雪里同煨有芋魁。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 不用盛囊书后写,https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 料非钻核意无猜。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 却愁佳惠终难继,https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 乞与山中几树栽。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
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/清朝·乾隆/https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 北京西山大觉寺有两株古银杏,树冠硕大,荫布满院。清代乾隆皇帝到此巡视时,曾题诗描述古树雄姿。诗云:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 古柯不计数人围,https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 叶茂枝孙绿荫肥。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 世外沧桑阅如幻,https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 开山大定记依稀。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
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/清朝·李善济/https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 青城山是中国著名的道教名山,位于四川省都江堰风景区内,山中林木青翠,四季常青,诸峰环峙,状若城郭,素有“青城天下幽”的美誉。传说道教天师张道陵晚年显道于青城山,并在此羽化。天师洞殿前有一株古银杏树,传乃张道陵手植。清人李善济曾作《银杏歌》赞颂:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 天师洞前有银杏,罗列青城百八景。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 玲珑高出白云溪,苍翠横铺孤鹤顶。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 我来树下久盘桓,四面荫浓夏亦寒。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 石碣仙踪今已渺,班荆聊当古人看。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 故国从来艳乔木,况甘隐沦绝尘俗。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 状如虬怒远飞扬,势如蠖曲时起伏。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 姿如凤舞云千霄,气如龙蟠栖岩谷。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 盘根错节几经秋,欲考年轮空踯躅。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 诗人对银杏的描写细致入微,同时又勾勒了银杏的雄姿和气势,读来令人有身临其境的感觉。字里行间充满着对银杏的热爱和赞颂,似乎也隐喻自己“有志不获骋”的感慨。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
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/清朝·李澄中/https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 山东省莒县浮来山定林寺是《文心雕龙》作者刘勰校经、写作之处,寺内古银杏历尽沧桑3000多年,以其雄健伟岸和历史悠久吸引了无数墨客骚人,这株古银杏可能是历代以来被吟咏最多的银杏树。 清顺治甲午年(公元1654年),莒州太守陈全国在银杏树下立碑志铭,诗曰:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 大树龙盘会鲁侯,烟云如盖笼浮丘。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 形分瓣瓣莲花座,质比层层螺髻头。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 史载皇王已廿代,人径仙释几多流。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 看来今古皆成幻,独子长生伴客游。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 清代康熙年间鸿儒、诸城名士李澄中曾作《定林寺银杏》:https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 嘉树何年植?空王此旧台。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 秋声连莒子,山色漫浮来。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 枝偃蛟龙蛰,凤鸣雷雨开。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 鲁公盟会处,事往有余哀。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 诗作追溯古银杏栽植的历史和它见证的重大历史事件,描摹银杏树的奇伟壮观,古朴苍劲,寄寓“人事有代谢,往来成古今”的感慨。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
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话银杏https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/ 我国文人歌咏银杏的辞赋,最早的有西汉司马相如的《上林赋》写银杏“长千仞,大连抱。夸条直畅,实叶峻茂”,描摹银杏树的古老粗壮,肯定银杏的木材价值。后有晋左思的《吴都赋》等。左思在他的《吴都赋》中写道“平仲桾木迁,松梓古度”,对银杏的挺拔苍劲颇为赞赏。https://www.lishixinzhi.com/lishishuji/
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