知识大全 Oracle维护常用SQL语句汇总

Posted 2022-07-16 知

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　　如何远程判断Oracle数据库的安装平台

　　select * from v$version;

　　查看表空间的使用情况

　　select sum(bytes)/( * ) as free_space tablespace_name

　　from dba_free_space

　　group by tablespace_name;

　　SELECT A TABLESPACE_NAME A BYTES TOTAL B BYTES USED C BYTES FREE

　　(B BYTES* )/A BYTES % USED (C BYTES* )/A BYTES % FREE

　　FROM SYS SM$TS_AVAIL A SYS SM$TS_USED B SYS SM$TS_FREE C

　　WHERE A TABLESPACE_NAME=B TABLESPACE_NAME AND A TABLESPACE_NAME=C TABLESPACE_NAME;

　　查看表空间的名称及大小

　　select t tablespace_name round(sum(bytes/( * )) ) ts_size

　　from dba_tablespaces t dba_data_files d

　　where t tablespace_name = d tablespace_name

　　group by t tablespace_name;

　　查看表空间物理文件的名称及大小

　　select tablespace_name file_id file_name

　　round(bytes/( * ) ) total_space

　　from dba_data_files

　　order by tablespace_name;

　　查看回滚段名称及大小

　　select segment_name tablespace_name r status

　　(initial_extent/ ) InitialExtent (next_extent/ ) NextExtent

　　max_extents v curext CurExtent

　　From dba_rollback_segs r v$rollstat v

　　Where r segment_id = v usn(+)

　　order by segment_name ;

　　查看控制文件

　　select name from v$controlfile;

　　查看日志文件

　　select member from v$logfile;

　　查看表空间的使用情况

　　select sum(bytes)/( * ) as free_space tablespace_name

　　from dba_free_space

　　group by tablespace_name;

　　SELECT A TABLESPACE_NAME A BYTES TOTAL B BYTES USED C BYTES FREE

　　(B BYTES* )/A BYTES % USED (C BYTES* )/A BYTES % FREE

　　FROM SYS SM$TS_AVAIL A SYS SM$TS_USED B SYS SM$TS_FREE C

　　WHERE A TABLESPACE_NAME=B TABLESPACE_NAME AND A TABLESPACE_NAME=C TABLESPACE_NAME;

　　查看数据库库对象

　　select owner object_type status count(*) count# from all_objects group by owner object_type status;

　　查看数据库的版本

　　Select version FROM Product_ponent_version

　　Where SUBSTR(PRODUCT )= Oracle ;

　　查看数据库的创建日期和归档方式

　　Select Created Log_Mode Log_Mode From V$Database;

　　如何远程判断Oracle数据库的安装平台

　　select * from v$version;

　　查看数据表的参数信息

　　SELECT partition_name high_value high_value_length tablespace_name

　　pct_free pct_used ini_trans max_trans initial_extent

　　next_extent min_extent max_extent pct_increase FREELISTS

　　freelist_groups LOGGING BUFFER_POOL num_rows blocks

　　empty_blocks avg_space chain_cnt avg_row_len sample_size

　　last_analyzed

　　FROM dba_tab_partitions

　　 WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner

　　ORDER BY partition_position

　　查看还没提交的事务

　　select * from v$locked_object;

　　select * from v$transaction;

　　回滚段查看

　　select rownum sys dba_rollback_segs segment_name Name v$rollstat extents

　　Extents v$rollstat rssize Size_in_Bytes v$rollstat xacts XActs

　　v$rollstat gets Gets v$rollstat waits Waits v$rollstat writes Writes

　　sys dba_rollback_segs status status from v$rollstat sys dba_rollback_segs

　　v$rollname where v$rollname name(+) = sys dba_rollback_segs segment_name and

　　v$rollstat usn (+) = v$rollname usn order by rownum

　　捕捉运行很久的SQL

　　column username format a

　　column opname format a

　　column progress format a

　　select username sid opname

　　round(sofar* / totalwork ) || % as progress

　　time_remaining sql_text

　　from v$session_longops v$sql

　　where time_remaining <>

　　and sql_address = address

　　and sql_hash_value = hash_value

　　查看数据表的参数信息

　　SELECT partition_name high_value high_value_length tablespace_name

　　pct_free pct_used ini_trans max_trans initial_extent

　　next_extent min_extent max_extent pct_increase FREELISTS

　　freelist_groups LOGGING BUFFER_POOL num_rows blocks

　　empty_blocks avg_space chain_cnt avg_row_len sample_size

　　last_analyzed

　　FROM dba_tab_partitions

　　 WHERE table_name = :tname AND table_owner = :towner

　　ORDER BY partition_position

　　查找object为哪些进程所用

　　select

　　p spid

　　s sid

　　s serial# serial_num

　　s username user_name

　　a type object_type

　　s osuser os_user_name

　　a owner

　　a object object_name

　　decode(sign( mand)

　　to_char(mand) Action Code # || to_char(mand) ) action

　　p program oracle_process

　　s terminal terminal

　　s program program

　　s status session_status

　　from v$session s v$access a v$process p

　　where s paddr = p addr and

　　s type = USER and

　　a sid = s sid and

　　a object= SUBSCRIBER_ATTR

　　order by s username s osuser

　　耗资源的进程（top session）

　　select s schemaname schema_name decode(sign( mand)

　　to_char(mand) Action Code # || to_char(mand) ) action status

　　session_status s osuser os_user_name s sid p spid s serial# serial_num

　　nvl(s username [Oracle process] ) user_name s terminal terminal

　　s program program st value criteria_value from v$sesstat st v$session s v$process p

　　where st sid = s sid and st statistic# = to_number( ) and ( ALL = ALL

　　or s status = ALL ) and p addr = s paddr order by st value desc p spid asc s username asc s osuser asc

　　查看锁（lock）情况

　　select /*+ RULE */ ls osuser os_user_name ls username user_name

　　decode(ls type RW Row wait enqueue lock TM DML enqueue lock TX

　　 Transaction enqueue lock UL User supplied lock ) lock_type

　　o object_name object decode(ls lmode null Row Share

　　 Row Exclusive Share Share Row Exclusive Exclusive null)

　　lock_mode o owner ls sid ls serial# serial_num ls id ls id

　　from sys dba_objects o ( select s osuser s username l type

　　l lmode s sid s serial# l id l id from v$session s

　　v$lock l where s sid = l sid ) ls where o object_id = ls id and o owner

　　<> SYS order by o owner o object_name

　　根据sid查是哪台电脑的链接

　　column osuser format a

　　column username format a

　　column machine format a

　　select osuser machine username sid serial# from v$session where sid= ;

　　根据sid查对应的sql

　　select SID SQL_TEXT from v$open_cursor where SID= ;

　　查看等待（wait）情况

　　SELECT v$waitstat class v$unt count SUM(v$sysstat value) sum_value

　　FROM v$waitstat v$sysstat WHERE v$sysstat name IN ( db block gets

　　 consistent gets ) group by v$waitstat class v$unt

　　查看sga情况

　　SELECT NAME BYTES FROM SYS V_$SGASTAT ORDER BY NAME ASC

　　查看catched object

　　SELECT owner name db_link namespace

　　type sharable_mem loads executions

　　locks pins kept FROM v$db_object_cache

　　查看V$SQLAREA

　　SELECT SQL_TEXT SHARABLE_MEM PERSISTENT_MEM RUNTIME_MEM SORTS

　　VERSION_COUNT LOADED_VERSIONS OPEN_VERSIONS USERS_OPENING EXECUTIONS

　　USERS_EXECUTING LOADS FIRST_LOAD_TIME INVALIDATIONS PARSE_CALLS DISK_READS

　　BUFFER_GETS ROWS_PROCESSED FROM V$SQLAREA

　　查看object分类数量

　　select decode (o type# INDEX TABLE CLUSTER VIEW

　　 SYNONYM SEQUENCE OTHER ) object_type count(*) quantity from

　　sys obj$ o where o type# > group by decode (o type# INDEX TABLE

　　 CLUSTER VIEW SYNONYM SEQUENCE OTHER ) union select

　　 COLUMN count(*) from l$ union select DB LINK count(*) from

　　按用户查看object种类

　　select u name schema sum(decode(o type# NULL)) indexes

　　sum(decode(o type# NULL)) tables sum(decode(o type# NULL))

　　clusters sum(decode(o type# NULL)) views sum(decode(o type#

　　NULL)) synonyms sum(decode(o type# NULL)) sequences

　　sum(decode(o type# NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL NULL ))

　　others from sys obj$ o sys user$ u where o type# >= and u user# =

　　o owner# and u name <> PUBLIC group by u name order by

　　sys link$ union select CONSTRAINT count(*) from n$

　　有关connection的相关信息

　　）查看有哪些用户连接

　　select s osuser os_user_name decode(sign( mand) to_char(mand)

　　 Action Code # || to_char(mand) ) action p program oracle_process

　　status session_status s terminal terminal s program program

　　s username user_name s fixed_table_sequence activity_meter query

　　 memory max_memory cpu_usage s sid s serial# serial_num

　　from v$session s v$process p where s paddr=p addr and s type = USER

　　order by s username s osuser

　　）根据v sid查看对应连接的资源占用等情况

　　select n name

　　v value

　　n class

　　n statistic#

　　from v$statname n

　　v$sesstat v

　　where v sid = and

　　v statistic# = n statistic#

　　order by n class n statistic#

　　）根据sid查看对应连接正在运行的sql

　　select /*+ PUSH_SUBQ */

　　mand_type

　　sql_text

　　sharable_mem

　　persistent_mem

　　runtime_mem

　　sorts

　　version_count

　　loaded_versions

　　open_versions

　　users_opening

　　executions

　　users_executing

　　loads

　　first_load_time

　　invalidations

　　parse_calls

　　disk_reads

　　buffer_gets

　　rows_processed

　　sysdate start_time

　　sysdate finish_time

　　 > || address sql_address

　　 N status

　　from v$sqlarea

　　where address = (select sql_address from v$session where sid = )

　　．查询表空间使用情况

　　select a tablespace_name 表空间名称

　　 round((nvl(b bytes_free )/a bytes_alloc)* ) 占用率(%)

　　round(a bytes_alloc/ / ) 容量(M)

　　round(nvl(b bytes_free )/ / ) 空闲(M)

　　round((a bytes_alloc nvl(b bytes_free ))/ / ) 使用(M)

　　Largest 最大扩展段(M)

　　to_char(sysdate yyyy mm dd hh :mi:ss ) 采样时间

　　from (select f tablespace_name

　　sum(f bytes) bytes_alloc

　　sum(decode(f autoextensible YES f maxbytes NO f bytes)) maxbytes

　　from dba_data_files f

　　group by tablespace_name) a

　　(select f tablespace_name

　　sum(f bytes) bytes_free

　　from dba_free_space f

　　group by tablespace_name) b

　　(select round(max(ff length)* / ) Largest

　　ts name tablespace_name

　　from sys fet$ ff sys file$ tf sys ts$ ts

　　where ts ts#=ff ts# and ff file#=tf relfile# and ts ts#=tf ts#

　　group by ts name tf blocks) c

　　where a tablespace_name = b tablespace_name and a tablespace_name = c tablespace_name

　　查询表空间的碎片程度

　　select tablespace_name count(tablespace_name) from dba_free_space group by tablespace_name

　　having count(tablespace_name)> ;

　　alter tablespace name coalesce;

　　alter table name deallocate unused;

　　create or replace view ts_blocks_v as

　　select tablespace_name block_id bytes blocks free space segment_name from dba_free_space

　　union all

　　select tablespace_name block_id bytes blocks segment_name from dba_extents;

　　select * from ts_blocks_v;

　　select tablespace_name sum(bytes) max(bytes) count(block_id) from dba_free_space

　　group by tablespace_name;

　　查询有哪些数据库实例在运行

　　select inst_name from v$active_instances;

　　查找oracle性能瓶颈sql

　　select sql_text spid v$session program process from

　　v$sqlarea v$session v$process

　　where v$sqlarea address=v$session sql_address

　　and v$sqlarea hash_value=v$session sql_hash_value

　　and v$session paddr=v$process addr

　　and v$process spid in (操作系统PID);

　　select sid event p p text from v$session_wait;

　　找出最耗资源的sql

　　select * from v$process where spid= ;

　　select sql_hash_value machine username program from v$session where PAddr= B A ;

　　select * from v$sqltext where hash_value= ;

　　select * from v$sql where hash_value= ;

　　select * from v$sqlarea where hash_value= ;

　　SELECT a username a machine a program a sid a serial# a status c piece c sql_text FROM v$session a v$process b v$sqltext c WHERE b spid= AND b addr=a paddr AND a sql_address=c address(+) ORDER BY c piece

　　要找出最耗资源的sql 我们可以首先使用top等工具找到最好资源的进程（记住进程号）例如操作系统进程号为然后根据这个进程号(v$process spid)在v$process中找到进程地址(v$process addr) 然后根据这个地址在 v$session中找到相应的sid(v$session sid) 然后根据这个sid找到相应的hash alue（v$session sql_hash_value）然后根据这个hash alue在v$sqltext $sql v$sqlarea等视图中找到对应的sql语句（sql_text）

　　select * from v$process where spid= ;

　　select sql_hash_value machine username program from v$session where PAddr= B A ;

　　select * from v$sqltext where hash_value= ;

　　select * from v$sql where hash_value= ;

　　select * from v$sqlarea where hash_value= ;

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