知识大全 DB

Posted 2022-07-15 文件

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　　修改数据库名查看oracle实例名 shutdown immediate lsnrctl stop $ORACLE_SID# windows下关闭使用oracle服务修改 /etc/oratab 的$ORACLE_SID# windows没有修改用户环境变量 bashprofile # windows没有 linux下$ORACLE_HOME/dbs 修改有关$ORACLE_SID的文件名 windows下$ORACLE_HOME/database 修改有关$ORACLE_SID的文件名重新生成密码文件启动数据库 liunx orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries= force=y windows 在一个cmd运行oracle %ORACLE_ORCL% 在另一个cmd运行 set ORACLE_HOME=E:appcswggodproduct dbhome_ database set ORACLE_ORCL=orcl orapwd file=%ORACLE_HOME%/ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw%ORACLE_SID% password=oracle entries= force=y startup # 选择orcl实例 [oracle@h ~]$ sqlplus "/as SYSDBA" SQL*Plus: Release Production on Mon Nov : : Copyright (c) Oracle All rights reserved

　　Connected to: Oracle Database g Enterprise Edition Release bit Production With the Partitioning OLAP Data Mining and Real Application Testing options SQL> # 查看实例 SQL> select * from v$thread;

　　SQL> select instance_name from v$instance; INSTANCE_NAME orcl # 关机

　　SQL> shutdown immediate; Database closed Database dismounted ORACLE instance shut down SQL> # 关闭监听 [oracle@h ~]$ lsnrctl stop orcl LSNRCTL for Linux: Version Production on NOV : : Copyright (c) Oracle All rights reserved Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST= )(PORT= ))) The mand pleted successfully # 修改/etc/oratab [oracle@h ~]$ su root Password: [root@h oracle]# vi /etc/oratab # orcl 修改为bitc bitc:/app/oracle/product/ /dbhome_ :N test:/app/oracle/product/ /dbhome_ :N "/etc/oratab" L C written [root@h oracle]# # 修改 bash_profile并生效 [root@h oracle]# su oracle [oracle@h ~]$ pwd /home/oracle [oracle@h ~]$ vi bash_profile # bash_profile # Get the aliases and functions if [ f ~/ bashrc ]; then ~/ bashrc fi # User specific environment and startup programs PATH=$PATH:$HOME/bin export PATH export ORACLE_BASE=/app/oracle export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/ /dbhome_ export ORACLE_SID=bitc export PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/bin: :$PATH " bash_profile" L C written [oracle@h ~]$ bash_profile [oracle@h ~]$ echo $ORACLE_SID bitc # 修改配置文件名 [oracle@h ~]$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/dbs [oracle@h dbs]$ ls al total drwxr xr x oracle oinstall Nov : drwxr xr x oracle oinstall Nov : rw rw oracle oinstall Nov : hc_DBUA dat rw rw oracle oinstall Nov : hc_orcl dat rw rw oracle oinstall Nov : hc_test dat rw r r oracle oinstall May init ora rw r oracle oinstall Nov : initorcl ora rw r oracle oinstall Nov : lkORCL rw r oracle oinstall Nov : lkTEST rw r oracle oinstall Nov : orapworcl rw r oracle oinstall Nov : orapwtest rw r oracle oinstall Nov : spfileorcl ora rw r oracle oinstall Nov : spfileorcl ora bak rw r oracle oinstall Nov : spfiletest ora [oracle@h dbs]$ chmod * [oracle@h dbs]$ mv hc_orcl dat hc_bitc dat [oracle@h dbs]$ mv lkORCL lkBITC [oracle@h dbs]$ mv orapworcl orapwbitc [oracle@h dbs]$ mv spfileorcl ora spfilebitc ora [oracle@h dbs]$ [oracle@h dbs]$ ls hc_bitc dat init ora lkTEST spfilebitc ora hc_DBUA dat initorcl ora orapwbitc spfileorcl ora bak hc_test dat lkBITC orapwtest spfiletest ora # 生成密码文件 [oracle@h dbs]$ orapwd file=$ORACLE_HOME/dbs/orapw$ORACLE_SID password=oracle entries= force=y # 启动数据库 [oracle@h dbs]$ echo $ORACLE_SID bitc [oracle@h dbs]$ sqlplus "/as SYSDBA" SQL*Plus: Release Production on Mon Nov : : Copyright (c) Oracle All rights reserved Connected to an idle instance SQL> startup ORA : obsolete or deprecated parameter(s) specified for RDBMS instance ORACLE instance started Total System Global Area bytes Fixed Size bytes Variable Size bytes Database Buffers bytes Redo Buffers bytes Database mounted Database opened SQL> exit 数据库更名后配置静态监听 [oracle@h dbs]$ netmgr # 配置监听文件

　　配置远程namespace 验证 # 修改静态监听参数

　　SQL> show parameter listener; NAME TYPE VALUE listener_neorks string local_listener string BITC remote_listener string SQL> alter system set local_listener="BITC"; System altered SQL> alter system register; System altered SQL> exit Disconnected from Oracle Database g Enterprise Edition Release bit Production With the Partitioning OLAP Data Mining and Real Application Testing options # 启动实例监听 [oracle@h dbs]$ lsnrctl start BITC LSNRCTL for Linux: Version Production on NOV : : Copyright (c) Oracle All rights reserved TNS : Listener using listener name orcl has already been started [oracle@h dbs]$ lsnrctl status BITC LSNRCTL for Linux: Version Production on NOV : : Copyright (c) Oracle All rights reserved Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST= )(PORT= ))) STATUS of the LISTENER Alias orcl Version TNSLSNR for Linux: Version Production Start Date NOV : : #启动日期 Uptime days hr min sec#正常运行时间 Trace Level off #跟踪级别 Security ON: Local OS Authentication#安全性 SNMP OFF Listener Parameter File /app/oracle/product/ /dbhome_ /neork/admin/listener ora#监听程序参数文件 Listener Log File /app/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/h /orcl/alert/log xml#监听程序日志文件 Listening Endpoints Summary #监听端点摘要 (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST= )(PORT= ))) Services Summary #服务摘要 Service "bitc" has instance(s) Instance "bitc" status UNKNOWN has handler(s) for this service Service "orcl" has instance(s) Instance "bitc" status READY has handler(s) for this service Service "orclXDB" has instance(s) Instance "bitc" status READY has handler(s) for this service The mand pleted successfully

　　 # # 动态监听默认多个实例只能共享这个端口在netmgr中配置namespace 所有实例的主机名和端口必须完全一致否则一实例可能堵塞其他实例监听注在位oracle配置位oracle的远程listener可能因为版本问题失败

　　 Materialized View同步 # 在TEST上 select * from dba_db_links;

　　# host 已变成BITC 不是ORCL db_link失效

　　SQL> alter public database link conn_orcl connect to u identified by abc; alter public database link conn_orcl connect to u identified by abc ORA : user names cannot be changed in ALTER DATABASE LINK mand SQL> drop public database link conn_orcl; Database link dropped SQL> create public database link CONN_BITC connect to u identified by abc using BITC ; Database link created # 在BITC上

　　SQL> conn system/manager Connected to Oracle Database g Enterprise Edition Release Connected as system SQL> grant dba to u ; Grant succeeded SQL> conn u /abc Connected to Oracle Database g Enterprise Edition Release Connected as u SQL> create table t (id int primary key name varchar( )); Table created SQL> create materialized view log on t ; Materialized view log created # 在TEST上建立物化视图由于ORCL数据未录入 # t _mv无数据 SQL> select * from U t @CONN_BITC; ID NAME # 按主键建同步 SQL> create materialized view t _mv refresh fast start with sysdate next sysdate+ / with primary key as select * from u t @conn_bitc; Materialized view created SQL> select * from t _mv; ID NAME # 在BITC上插入数据提交 SQL> insert into t values( chal ); row inserted SQL> mit; Commit plete # 在TEST上每一分钟同步 t _mv未到同步时间数据未同步 SQL> select * from t _mv; ID NAME # 在TEST上经过每一分钟 t _mv到同步时间数据由ORCL同步到TEST SQL> select * from t _mv; ID NAME chal

　　 # # # 在BITC上

　　 SQL> show user User is "u " SQL> create table stu (id int name varchar( )); Table created # log日志建立必须有主键 SQL> create materialized view log on stu; create materialized view log on stu ORA : table STU does not contain a primary key constraint # 在TEST上 # 按ROWID建同步 SQL> create materialized view stu_mv refresh force start with sysdate next sysdate+ / with rowid as select * from u stu@CONN_BITC; Materialized view created # 在BITC上 SQL> insert into stu values( TOM ); row inserted SQL> mit; Commit plete # 在TEST上 SQL> select * from stu_mv; ID NAME TOM

　　 # 快照同步 # 有主键 # # 在BITC上

　　SQL> show user User is "u " SQL> create table test (id int primary key name varchar( )); Table created SQL> create snapshot log on test ; Materialized view log created SQL> insert all into test values( egg ) into test values( apple ) select * from dual; rows inserted SQL> mit; Commit plete SQL> # 在TEST上 SQL> create snapshot sn_test as select * from u test @CONN_BITC; Materialized view created SQL> alter snapshot sn_test refresh fast start with sysdate next sysdate+ / with primary key; Materialized view altered # 拥有主键复制是增量的 SQL> select * from sn_test ; ID NAME egg apple SQL> # 在BITC上 SQL> insert into test values( fish ); row inserted SQL> mit; Commit plete # 在TEST上 SQL> select * from sn_test ; ID NAME egg apple SQL> / ID NAME egg apple SQL> / ID NAME egg apple fish

　　# 无主键 # # 在BITC上 SQL> create table test (id int name varchar( )); Table created SQL> insert into test values( beef ); row inserted SQL> mit; Commit plete # 在TEST上

　　SQL> create snapshot sn_test refresh plete start with sysdate next sysdate+ / with rowid as select * from u test @conn_bitc; Materialized view created # plete 无增量刷新

　　SQL> select * from sn_test ; ID NAME beef # snapshot与备份区别 # 热备份热备份是在数据库运行的情况下采用archivelog mode方式备份数据库的方法所以如果你有昨天夜里的一个冷备份而且又有今天的热备份文件在发生问题时就可以利用这些资料恢复更多的信息热备份要求数据库在Archivelog方式下操作并需要大量的档案空间一旦数据库运行在archivelog状态下就可以做备份了热备份的命令文件由三部分组成数据文件一个表空间一个表空间的备份 ( )设置表空间为备份状态 ( )备份表空间的数据文件 ( )回复表空间为正常状态备份归档log文件 ( )临时停止归档进程 ( )log下那些在archive rede log目标目录中的文件 ( )重新启动archive进程 ( )备份归档的redo log文件用alter database bachup controlfile命令来备份控制文件热备份的优点是可在表空间或数据库文件级备份备份的时间短备份时数据库仍可使用可达到秒级恢复(恢复到某一时间点上) 可对几乎所有数据库实体做恢复恢复是快速的在大多数情况下爱数据库仍工作时恢复热备份的不足是不能出错否则后果严重若热备份不成功所得结果不可用于时间点的恢复因难于维护所以要特别仔细小心不允许“以失败告终”

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